scientific evidence supporting cardiac rehabilitation

scientific evidence supporting cardiac rehabilitation
December 26, 2020

Cardiac Rehabilitation Section European Association of Cardiovascular P, Rehabilitation. +41 (0)61 467 85 55 Fax +41 (0)61 467 85 56 e-mail: Editorial office, EMH MediaSchweizerische ÄrztezeitungSwiss Medical ForumSwiss Medical WeeklyPrimary and Hospital CareSwiss Archives of Neurology, Psychiatry and PsychotherapySynapseSwiss Medical Informatics. For individuals with a diagnosis of heart failure, CR may not reduce total mortality, but does impact ­favourably on hospitalisation, with a 25% relative risk reduction in overall hospital admissions and a 39% ­reduction (NNT 18) in acute heart failure related ­episodes [3]. Cardiac rehabilitation programs were first initiated in the ’60s for patients recovering from acute myocardial infarction and then expanded to other cardiac patients - postoperative, myocardiopathies and heart failure patients as well. 2020 Sep;9(17):e017075. Arq Bras Cardiol. Please find the affiliations for this article in the PDF. Accordingly, the most recent European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice state that in individuals at very high cardiovascular risk, multimodal interventions integrating medical resources with education on healthy lifestyle, physical activity and stress management, and counselling on psychosocial risk factors, are recommended with a class I, evidence A indication [4]. evidence-based cardiac rehabilitation program. 2016;23(18):1914–39. Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention. However, important lines of inquiry remain and require attention. Keywords: Secondary prevention after acute myocardial infarction: drug adherence, treatment goals, and predictors of health lifestyle habits. Short-Term Exercise Progression of Cardiovascular Patients throughout Cardiac Rehabilitation: An Observational Study. Open Heart. … A platform for postgraduate education and scientific work. This program outline guide is based on the best available evidence, and has been developed in consultation with cardiac rehabilitation experts across Australia. CR programs reduce morbidity and mortality rates in adults with ischemic heart disease, heart failure, or cardiac surgery but are significantly underused, with only a minority of eligible … This system (cardiac rehabilitation decision support system, CARDSS) actively guides its users through the clinical algorithm, prompting for necessary information and calculating scores of questionnaires. Knowledge Gaps in Cardiovascular Care of Older Adults: A Scientific Statement from the American Heart Association, American College of Cardiology, and American Geriatrics Society: Executive Summary. The quality standards and adherence to the guidelines are monitored by means of regular audits. 4 Piepoli MF, Hoes AW, Agewall S, Albus C, Brotons C, Catapano AL, et al. 2020 Sep 29;9(10):3160. doi: 10.3390/jcm9103160. Eur J Heart Fail. Home-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation: A Scientific Statement From the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation, the American Heart Association, and the American College of Cardiology. King M, Bittner V, Josephson R, Lui K, Thomas RJ, Williams MA. Available literature on barriers to the accessibility of out-patient cardiac rehabilitation services were reviewed. NLM To be considered in the future, new forms of CR need to achieve the same level of scientific evidence for improvement in clinical endpoints as the established methods, which constitute the gold standard. For a successful implementation, patients need support by means of a professional multidisciplinary team, which provides the necessary information on the type and severity of their disease, initiates the required behavioural changes, and instructs the patients on how to restart physical activity after an acute coronary event or cardiovascular surgery. 2020 Nov;18(11):777-789. doi: 10.1080/14779072.2020.1816464. • new evidence of ischemia on an exercise test, including thallium scan • new, clinically significant coronary lesions documented by cardiac catheterization . J Am Geriatr Soc. Cardiac rehabilitation, telemedicine, telehealth, secondary prevention, cardiovascular. Home-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation: A SCIENTIFIC STATEMENT FROM THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CARDIOVASCULAR AND PULMONARY REHABILITATION, THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, AND THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY . Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a multi-faceted secondary prevention intervention that aims to limit the physiological and psychological effects of cardiovascular disease and to assist in the management of symptoms and a reduction of future cardiovascular risk. 2019 Jul 9;74(1):133-153. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.03.008. 2015;22(12):1548–56. Challenges in secondary prevention after acute myocardial infarction: A call for action. In fact, no benefit for survival, psychosocial status or health related quality of life was shown in that study. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. Cardiovascular Medicine EMH Swiss Medical Publishers Ltd. Farnsburgerstrasse 8 CH-4132 Muttenz Tel. In contrast to center-based CR services, which are provided in a medically supervised facility, HBCR relies on remote coaching with indirect exercise supervision and is provided mostly or entirely outside of the traditional center-based setting. Rev Esp Cardiol. In order to achieve the proven effectiveness of CR in routine clinical practice, the definition, implementation and continuous monitoring of accepted minimal standards for CR delivery are constantly reviewed by the BACPR. Although structured, exercise-based secondary prevention programmes as described above are the most studied modality of secondary prevention interventions in patients after an acute myocardial infarction, programme uptake and adherence proves to be particularly challenging, and innovative strategies to address these problems have been evaluated. Carvalho T, Gonzales AI, Sties SW, Carvalho GM. No financial support and no other potential conflict of interest ­relevant to this article was reported. The ESC Textbook of Preventive Cardiology. Pooling of data from existing controlled randomized trials involving patients recovering from an acute myocardial infarction provides supportive evidence that a comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation program can reduce premature mortality from cardiovascular events in … Owing to barriers linked with programme availability and local or national regulations, further efforts are needed in order to ensure a valid choice of high-quality, evidence-based secondary prevention measures that best fit the patient’s psychosocial situation, cardiovascular risk profile and ­individual preferences. 9 Piepoli MF, Corra U, Dendale P, Frederix I, Prescott E, Schmid JP, et al. No commercial reuse without permission. Research has shown that cardiac rehabilitation (cardiac rehab) improves cardiac risk factor profile, reduce hospital readmissions and improve quality of life. New delivery strategies are urgently needed to improve participation. In fact, huge varieties in programme components were noticed, such as: – staffing levels and multidisciplinary involvement (e.g., dietetics, physiotherapy, psychology, occupational therapy); – duration and frequency (e.g., 4 to 20 weeks, once or twice weekly); – methods used to change health behaviour (e.g., lectures, cognitive behavioural methods, written materials); – method of delivery (e.g., individual, group-based with “home exercise”, outpatient, self-management at home, home-based and menu-based). Cardiac rehabilitation. This commentary provides a model for cardiac rehabilitation centers that provide patient care to meaningfully contribute to our scientific understanding of this lifestyle intervention. 2016;23(11):NP1-NP96. Eur J Prev ­Cardiol. Although the CR community still struggles to achieve optimal service delivery, secondary prevention measures have greatly improved over recent decades. Heart. Centre-based, multidisciplinary cardiac rehabilitation programmes complying with well-defined minimal requirements are the gold standard for de­livering optimal postinterventional care and achieving secondary preven­-tion goals. Secondary prevention through cardiac rehabilitation: from knowledge to implementation. Phase III or IV cardiac rehabilitation programs, Outpatient Intensive Cardiac Rehabilitation programs The following are key points to remember from this Scientific Statement on home-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR): CR is an evidence-based intervention that utilizes patient education, health behavior modification, and exercise training to improve secondary prevention outcomes in patients with established cardiovascular disease. CR has been shown to reduce mortality, hospital readmission rates, healthcare costs and also to improve exercise capacity, quality of life and the … Current challenges in cardiac rehabilitation: strategies to overcome social factors and attendance barriers. Correspondence:Jean-Paul Schmid, MDCardiology, ­Klinik ­BarmelweidCH-5017 Barmelweidjean-paul.schmid[at]barmelweid.ch. 2016 European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice: The Sixth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and Other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (constituted by representatives of 10 societies and by invited experts): Developed with the special contribution of the European Association for Cardiovascular ­Prevention & Rehabilitation (EACPR). 2019 Jul;39(4):208-225. doi: 10.1097/HCR.0000000000000447. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is an evidence-based intervention that uses patient education, health behavior modification, and exercise training to improve secondary prevention outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease. USA.gov. 14.02.2018 1 Another German physician, Peter Beckman, … This second edition of the Standards and Core Components (SCC) for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Rehabilitation from the British Association for Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation (BACPR) define cardiac rehabilitation (CR), operationally, through seven standards and seven core components for assuring a quality service of care using a multidisciplinary biopsychosocial … 2018;21(02):48-52. For Switzerland, no reliable numbers regarding referral of patients to CR services exist. Cardiovascular rehabilitation, ballroom dancing and sexual dysfunction. However, although promising, evidence regarding the effectiveness and uptake of existing interventions is mixed. National Campaign for Cardiac Rehabilitation The Evidence Rehab Cardiac Rehab Rehab Cardiac Rehab Rehab. Methods A systematic review of non-randomised controlled studies was conducted. 39(4):208-225, July 2019. For patients who have suffered myo­cardial infarction and/or undergone coronary revascularisation, attending and completing a programme of exercise-based CR is associated with an absolute risk reduction in cardiovascular mortality from 7.6 to 10.4% compared with those who do not take part in a CR programme, with a number needed to treat (NNT) of 37. Robust evidence demonstrates positive effects of CR participation, including reductions of mortality up to 25% as well as decreases in hospitalizations . 2016 May 24;133(21):2103-22. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000380. Home-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation: A Scientific Statement From the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation, ... and group-based social support when evidence-based behavioral change techniques are used 103, 104, 105. Continuity of care and outpatient management for patients with and at high risk for cardiovascular disease during the COVID-19 pandemic: A scientific statement from the American Society for Preventive Cardiology. Evidence to be reviewed included clinical practice guidelines available in English or Japanese and existing quality indicators. One potential strategy is home-based CR (HBCR). Epub 2020 Sep 14. It is clear that ineffective delivery of CR is not a problem specific to the UK, and their standards should be taken as an example for the whole of Europe. Epub 2020 Aug 28. These variations in funding, staffing, content of the programme and referral across CR programmes in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, where the study has been performed, have been judged unjustifiable by the British Association for Cardio­vascular Prevention and Rehabilitation (BACPR), and huge efforts have been made to ensure minimum standards, structure and function of CR programmes. They differ from the traditional models of CR, which are generally organised in three phases (e.g., post-intervention on the ward, post-discharge and long-term), involving residential, ambulatory community-, or home-based programmes. However, only the community- and telehealth-based individualised and multifactorial models for CR were found in studies to be associated with improvements in cardiovascular disease risk factor profile similar to those with the traditional hospital-based approach. Registration and submission of data to a national audit. Epub 2019 May 13.  |  Thomas, Randal J.; Beatty, Alexis L.; Beckie, Theresa M.; More. 2013;101(6):e107–8. Background The beneficial effects of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) have been challenged in recent years and there is now a need to investigate whether current CR programmes, delivered in the context of modern cardiology, still benefit patients. 1 This coverage decision was based primarily on evidence that CR provided safe and effective improvements in functional capacity and quality of life in these patients. Cardiac rehabilitation (cardiac rehab) is a program of exercise, education and counselling designed to help you recover after a heart attack or other heart conditions.This personalized program will help you regain your strength, prevent your condition from getting worse and reduce your risk of having heart problems in the future. Knowledge Gaps in Cardiovascular Care of the Older Adult Population: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association, American College of Cardiology, and American Geriatrics Society. The writing group carried out a systematic review of published studies of HBCR compared with CBCR to assess the comparative effectiveness and potential benefits of HBCR and to explore implementation strategies for developing HBCR programs. 5 Rauch B, Davos CH, Doherty P, Saure D, Metzendorf MI, Salzwedel A, et al. Accessibility to those services is a major factor in the underutilisation of current programs. Several systematic reviews have explored quantitative evidence on the potential of digital interventions to support cardiac rehabilitation (CR) and self-management. The prognostic effect of cardiac rehabilitation in the era of acute revascularisation and statin therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized and non-randomized studies – The Cardiac Rehabilitation Outcome Study (CROS). The purpose of this scientific statement is to identify the core components, efficacy, strengths, limitations, evidence gaps, and research necessary to guide the future delivery of HBCR in the United States. Circulation. BMJ 2015;351:h5000. 2015;2(1):e000163. 8 Urbinati S, Olivari Z, Gonzini L, Savonitto S, Farina R, Del Pinto M, et al. In this, clinical audit of all CR programmes and establishment of ­national datasets are seen as essential as a basis for checking and benchmarking and to ensure that services are being delivered effectively. Performance of each indicator was assessed retrospectively using medical records at a university hospital in Japan. Investigators B-. 2010;17(1):1–17. Prompt identification, referral and recruitment of eligible patient populations. Swiss Archives of Neurology, Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Scientific evidence for cardiac ­rehabilitation, Minimal standards and core components of CR programmes, Barriers to the implementation of ­secondary prevention. National Center for Biotechnology Information, Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Upon programme completion, a final assessment of individual patient needs and demonstration of sustainable health outcomes. Previous randomized trials have generated low- to moderate-strength evidence that HBCR and center-based CR can achieve similar improvements in 3- to 12-month clinical outcomes. Eur J Prev Cardiol. CR programs reduce morbidity and mortality rates in adults with ischemic heart disease, heart failure, or cardiac surgery but are significantly underused, with only a minority of eligible patients participating in CR in the United States. As such, evidence-based practice features strongly together with multidisciplinary approaches to the comprehensive delivery of high-quality care. 2020 Mar;1:100009. doi: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2020.100009. Keywords: 2020 Nov;73(11):969-970. doi: 10.1016/j.recesp.2020.06.040. This article updates the American Heart Association (AHA) 1994 scientific statement on cardiac rehabilitation. Participants 10 professionals in cardiac rehabilitation for the consensus panel. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 10 Völler H, Reibis R, Schwaab B, Schmid JP. Although HBCR has been successfully deployed in the United Kingdom, Canada, and other countries, most US healthcare organizations have little to no experience with such programs. 2012;98(8):605–6. See: emh.ch/en/emh/rights-and-licences/. Acknowledging the formally shared responsibilities of all professionals involved in a cardiac patient’s care (nurses, general practitioners, intensivists, acute invasive cardiologists and cardiovascular surgeons), the ­European Association for Preventive Cardiology (EACP), the Acute Cardiovascular Care Association (ACCA) and the Council on Cardiovascular Nursing and Allied Professions (CCNAP) started a collaborative project to increase awareness of the various gaps and how possibly to overcome them. 7 Bjarnason-Wehrens B, McGee H, Zwisler AD, Piepoli MF, Benzer W, Schmid JP, Det al. Abstract. Cardiac Rehabilitation Section of the European Association of Cardiovascular P, Rehabilitation. The BLITZ-4 Registry. For historical, structural or logistical reasons, settings of CR vary in different countries across Europe [7]. Whereas referral after surgery or ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) seems to be well accepted from the ­clinician/health care provider as well as the patient side, major improvements however are still needed in patients after minor acute coronary syndromes (non-STEMI), elective percutaneous coronary interventions and heart failure. NIH 6 Doherty P, Lewin R. The RAMIT trial, a pragmatic RCT of cardiac rehabilitation versus usual care: what does it tell us? In Switzerland, the definition of and compliance with the national quality standards, including the maintenance of a national database, is ensured by the Swiss working group for Cardiovascular Prevention, Rehabilitation and Sports Cardiology (SCPRS). 2010;17(4):410–8. Get the latest public health information from CDC: https://www.coronavirus.gov, Get the latest research information from NIH: https://www.nih.gov/coronavirus, Find NCBI SARS-CoV-2 literature, sequence, and clinical content: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sars-cov-2/. Access to a health coach for HBCR participants has potential to improve communication, social support, and education, which can help sustain … The effect of CR on recurrent myocardial infarction and repeat revascularisation seems to be neutral; however, there is a significant reduction in acute hospital admissions (from 30.7 to 26.1%, NNT 22), which is a key determinant of the intervention’s overall cost-efficacy [2]. The scientific evidence for cardiovascular disease prevention and rehabilitation is compelling. The effective implementation of intensive lifestyle and medical risk factor management together with enabling psychosocial health and wellbeing are … Patient related factors, as well as gaps caused by healthcare providers and/or health system-based barriers are held responsible (table 3). 2012 Nov 20;126(21):2535-43. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0b013e318277728c. A multitude of individual studies and meta-analyses document the beneficial effects of CR programmes in patients with coronary artery disease with or without heart failure. Exercise-based rehabilitation for heart failure: systematic review and meta-analysis. Publication Date: A recent trial in a cohort of 2,787 patients from 21 centres showed that CARDSS increases the compliance with guideline-recommended therapeutic decisions . Scientific evidence for cardiac ­rehabilitation A multitude of individual studies and meta-analyses document the beneficial effects of CR programmes in patients with coronary artery disease with or without heart failure. Setting and delivery of preventive car-diology. Epub 2012 Oct 22. Home-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation: A SCIENTIFIC STATEMENT FROM THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CARDIOVASCULAR AND PULMONARY REHABILITATION, THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, AND THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY. The delivery of six core components (see table 2) by a qualified and competent multidisciplinary team, led by a clinical coordinator. Their conclusions on the current evidence of best practice have been summarised in a position paper, which provides a pragmatic summary of the minimum standards, structure and function of cardiovascular prevention and rehabilitation programmes (http://www.bacpr.com/resources/AC6_BACPRStandards&CoreComponents2017.pdf) (table 1). More than 3,600 people participate in the program annually, with 70% acceptance rates and 60% completion rates. Thomas RJ, Beatty AL, Beckie TM, Brewer LC, Brown TM, Forman DE, Franklin BA, Keteyian SJ, Kitzman DW, Regensteiner JG, Sanderson BK, Whooley MA. It provides recommendations on assessment, health behaviour-change techniques, lifestyle risk factor management, psychosocial health, vocational rehabilitation and medical risk management. 2015;17(7):743–8. Although a most recent meta-analysis of randomised and nonrandomised controlled studies (The Cardiac Rehabilitation Outcome Study [CROS]) confirmed a significant reduction of mortality for CR participants ­after an acute coronary syndrome or after coronary ­artery bypass surgery in prospective or retrospective cohort studies, the single randomised controlled trial available so far (RAMIT: multicentre randomised controlled trial of comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation in patients following acute myocardial infarction) showed a neutral result [5]. The summary of a thorough review of the literature and the shared analysis of gaps and a proposed plan of action is summarised in figure 1. Whereas the aims of outpatient and residential inpatient programmes in terms of secondary prevention are identical, the latter are specifically structured to provide ongoing medical care and individualised training, reserved for high-risk patients or for those for whom the attendance of an ambulatory programme is for various reasons impossible [10]. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is an evidence-based intervention that uses patient education, health behavior modification, and exercise training to improve secondary prevention outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease. HHS Epub 2020 Aug 28. Evidence that cardiac rehabilitation reduces mortality, morbidity, unplanned hospital admissions in addition to improvements in exercise capacity, quality of life and psychological well-being is increasing, and it is now recommended in international guidelines.1 2 3 4 5 6 This review focuses on what cardiac rehabilitation is and the evidence of its benefit and effects on cardiovascular mortality, … Epub 2016 Sep 27. However, despite of all available evidence, some doubts persist on the efficacy of CR in the modern era. Increasing exercise capacity and quality of life of patients with heart failure through Wii gaming: the rationale, design and methodology of the HF-Wii study; a multicentre randomized controlled trial. Khera A, Baum SJ, Gluckman TJ, Gulati M, Martin SS, Michos ED, Navar AM, Taub PR, Toth PP, Virani SS, Wong ND, Shapiro MD. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2015;Part 4:285–293. In the interim, we conclude that HBCR may be a reasonable option for selected clinically stable low- to moderate-risk patients who are eligible for CR but cannot attend a traditional center-based CR program. Therefore, in the most recent European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice, alternative rehabilitation models are rated as follows [4]: – Home-based rehabilitation with or without tele­monitoring holds promise for increasing participation and supporting behavioural change. The evidence-based, cardiac rehabilitation program serves patients at 17 community sites across a large region of Ontario and includes weekly visits for six months. Structured cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programmes are recognised as the clinical setting for implementation of such a preventive care strategy [1]. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! COVID-19 is an emerging, rapidly evolving situation. The evidence base supporting cardiac rehabilitation is substantial and overwhelmingly supports its utilization for all qualified patients. The evidence-based, cardiac rehabilitation program serves patients at 17 community sites across a large region of Ontario and includes weekly visits for six months. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. Hospital-based rehabilitation units. Cardiovascular Medicine. – Home-based rehabilitation programmes have the potential to increase patient participation by offering greater flexibility and options for activities. Medical director responsibilities for outpatient cardiac rehabilitation/secondary prevention programs: 2012 update: a statement for health care professionals from the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation and the American Heart Association. ( 17 ): e017075 with multidisciplinary approaches to the guidelines are monitored by means regular... L, Ben Gal T, Gonzales AI, Sties SW, carvalho GM cardiac! 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