His greatest contribution came in the field of public finance. In what became known as the Louisiana Purchase, the United States bought 800,000 square miles for $15 million, although Congress had authorized only $2 million for a much smaller area. Because the Charter of the First Bank of the United States was not renewed, Gallatin had various problems funding the War of 1812. Encyclopedia.com. Quickly establishing a reputation for hard work and integrity, Gallatin became a skillful and logical orator. His efforts were complicated by high military expenditures and the purchase of the Louisiana territory in 1803. After a winter as a merchant in Maine, and a brief time with the colonial militia, Gallatin tutored in French in Boston in 1781. Statesman . In Pennsylvania he urged changes to the penal code, the establishment of a public-school system, and the abolition of slavery. ." He also suggested that certain roads be constructed to connect the new cities within the West. However, the War of 1812 with England again forced the nation to raise taxes and increase government borrowing. Peace was signed in the Treaty of Ghent (December 24). He is known for being the founder of New York University and for serving in the Democratic-Republican Party at various federal elective and appointed positions across four decades. Gallatin returned to the United States in 1815, only to have President Madison persuade him to return to Europe as America's ambassador to France. Philadelphia: J. Gallatin played an important mediating role during the 1794 Whiskey Rebellion, an uprising of western Pennsylvanians angered by federal liquor taxes. In 1797–98 he helped to reduce Federalist-sponsored expenditures aimed at promoting hostilities with France. The declaration of war with Great Britain in 1812 shattered all of Gallatin’s most cherished schemes, for he felt war to be fatal to the nation’s prosperity and progress. ." Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. After the Revolution, Gallatin moved to the frontier area of western Pennsylvania, settling along the Monongahela River. In 1783 Gallatin and a Frenchman planned to purchase western land and located an area in Virginia. There are many websites available for the Whiskey Rebellion. © 2019 Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. Gallatin helped finance the Louisiana Purchase while still managing to reduce the national debt. Reprint, New York: Chelsea House, 1983. Need for Federal Programs . Gallatin.". Aitken, Thomas. Shaping of America, 1783-1815 Reference Library. He was not successful as a pioneer or a land speculator, although he became deeply identified with the interests of western settlers as he began a career in politics. Later, as secretary of the treasury, Gallatin Gallatin went on to help establish New York University and serve as president of the New-York Historical Society. Merrill D. Peterson He entered the House of Representatives in 1795 and became the most knowledgeable Republican on public finance. Secretary of the U.S. treasury, political leader The Whiskey Rebellion (also known as the Whiskey Insurrection) was a tax protest in the United States beginning in 1791 and ending in 1794 during the presidency of George Washington, ultimately under the command of American Revolutionary war veteran Major James McFarlane. At the age of eighty-seven, Gallatin experienced health problems and became bedridden. During Albert's time at the Academy, his natural abilities and intelligence were recognized by several renowned scholars. Grasping at Russia’s proffered mediation of the war, he sailed for Europe in May 1813. He brought his new bride, Sophie Allegre, to their wilderness home, but she died that fall after only a few months of marriage. It difficult to raise the necessary loans and left the United States it with sugar, tobacco, industry. 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